Researchers at the Universities of Basel and Geneva have explored how to encourage widespread adoption of environmentally friendly technologies like solar panels, battery storage, heat pumps, and electric vehicles in households. These technologies play a crucial role in climate protection and the energy transition, and private households have the potential to significantly contribute to these efforts.
Dr. Mart van der Kam and Professor Ulf Hahnel at the University of Basel led a study that examined the political measures required to fully realize this potential. In collaboration with researchers from the University of Geneva, the team surveyed nearly 1,500 Swiss households to understand the factors influencing their decisions to adopt or reject these technologies. They then used the data to build a dynamic model simulating the decision-making process of households within a society. This model helped identify the most effective policy measures to encourage broader adoption of these technologies. Their findings were published in Cell Reports Sustainability.
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Political Measures More Effective Than Individual Incentives
While competition among manufacturers is making technologies like electric cars more affordable and attractive, van der Kam emphasizes that political intervention is crucial for encouraging the adoption of solar panels and heat pumps. He notes that individual incentives alone are insufficient. "The key to wider adoption is not individual incentives but a mix of political measures that cater to the needs of households," he says.
For example, subsidies for solar panels or heat pumps are helpful, but there are other factors to consider. One significant issue is the challenge renters face in adopting these technologies, as building owners traditionally need to make the investments, but renters benefit from the reduced energy costs. This has made it less appealing for owners to invest in such technologies.
Addressing Challenges for Renters
The study suggests that government intervention can help overcome these barriers for renters. For instance, renters have had the right to install solar panels on their balconies for several years. Van der Kam proposes that similar policies could be developed for heat pumps or energy storage, such as neighborhood batteries. These could be supplied with solar energy from multiple buildings or an entire district, providing a shared power source for the community.
By adopting such strategies, policymakers could ensure that more households have access to and can benefit from renewable energy technologies, helping to drive progress in climate protection and energy sustainability.
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