McGill Researchers Expand Possibilities for Kirigami-Inspired Metamaterials

Researchers at McGill University have significantly broadened the range of stable shapes that kirigami-based engineered materials can adopt, paving the way for innovative applications. Their findings, published in Advanced Materials, showcase how this discovery could impact various industries.

The key innovation of these metamaterials lies in their ability to morph between different forms, not in the materials themselves, which could include plastic, cardboard, or other substances. The transformation is made possible by carefully crafted shapes cut into the material, similar to the pop-up designs in books and greeting cards. The research draws inspiration from kirigami, the Japanese art of paper cutting.

Using laser cutting on materials like plastic, the researchers explored the internal geometry of the structures, particularly focusing on the angles of triangles that form the basis of the kirigami patterns. Traditionally, kirigami patterns undergo uniform scaling—where, for instance, a square expands to a larger square. The McGill researchers, however, have enabled more complex transformations, such as turning a square into a rectangle or trapezoid, a phenomenon known as arbitrary scaling or anisotropic morphing.

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This advancement significantly increases the number of stable, morphable shapes that can serve as the building blocks for new metamaterials, which scale unpredictably during morphing. The researchers believe their work could lead to new applications in fields such as soft robotics, wearable technology, and deployable structures. They have already filed several patent applications based on their findings.

Damiano Pasini, Canada Research Chair in Mechanical Metamaterials and a professor at McGill University’s Department of Mechanical Engineering, explained, "By pulling on these kirigami shapes with slits, the material can stretch and, when designed properly, transform into new forms while maintaining equilibrium. This could allow for objects that save storage space in one form but can morph into another to perform different functions."

Pasini emphasized that this discovery offers versatility, anisotropic morphing, and multifunctionality—characteristics not found in conventional materials. The team's work has generated significant interest in science and technology circles.

Though the study lays the groundwork for a deeper understanding of the physical mechanisms behind multi-stable forms, Pasini clarified, "This is not tied to a specific application. Our next step is to focus on developing real-world applications for everyday technology."